This year, as Fello celebrates 65 years of supporting people with disabilities and building inclusive communities, we’re reflecting on the history of the disability rights movement and the milestones that helped shape the work we do today.
By the 1970s, the momentum built by advocates in previous decades was beginning to transform the country. Disability rights leaders pushed for stronger civil rights protections, people with disabilities began organizing to advocate for themselves, and Americans started questioning whether institutions were the right place for anyone to live.
It was a decade that would bring landmark legislation, growing public awareness, and a new vision for community living—changes that also shaped Fello’s work here in Maryland.
Civil Rights Take Center Stage
In the early 1970s, the disability rights movement gained momentum as people with disabilities, families, and advocates across the country continued pushing for stronger legal protections and greater recognition of their rights.
Their leadership helped reshape federal policy throughout the decade.
In 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children (EHA) Act guaranteed children with disabilities the right to a public education. For the first time, schools were required to provide the services and supports students needed to thrive.
Building on Kennedy-era legislation originally passed in 1963, Congress enacted the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights (DD) Act in 1975, strengthening protections for people with disabilities and recognizing their right to services that promote independence and community participation.
But it was Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that became the first federal law to prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities. Despite its landmark passage, Section 504 went unenforced for years—prompting disability rights advocates to stage nationwide sit-ins at federal offices. Within weeks, activist pressure succeeded in securing enforcement of the regulations.
The achievements of the 1970s were the result of focused advocacy, collaboration, and the voices of people directly impacted by barriers. That same energy fueled the rise of self-advocacy groups, giving people with disabilities the opportunity to speak for themselves, lead change, and shape the communities they call home.
Self-Advocacy Reaches a New Height
As people with disabilities began making their voices heard, the Independent Living Movement (ILM) emerged, grounded in the belief that people with disabilities deserve the same civil rights, opportunities, and control over their own lives as anyone else.
Around the same time, the People First movement began, led by and for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Its message was simple and powerful: people are more than their disabilities. Today, People First has grown into an international network, inspiring self-advocacy worldwide.
The self-advocacy movements of the 1970s showed that advocacy is not just about laws or policies—it’s about giving people the tools, support, and confidence to speak their truth.
That same spirit continues today through Living Boldly, Fello’s self-advocacy program. Consisting of 36 members with disabilities throughout Maryland, Living Boldly members represent themselves, their ideas, and their interests to shape a more inclusive community for everyone. As they work with legislators and decision-makers, they also invest in themselves by learning new skills and techniques that empower them to speak confidently and lead change in their own lives and beyond.
Advocacy has always been at the heart of Fello’s work. In the 1970s, that advocacy naturally extended to housing, because having a home in the community is central to independence, belonging, and full participation in life.
Rethinking Housing
For decades, institutional life remained hidden from public view, and people with disabilities had little choice about where or how they lived. In the 1970s, journalism and public awareness fueled the debate about what it truly meant for people with disabilities to live with dignity and highlighted the urgent need for change.
One of the most widely viewed reports came in 1972, when journalist Geraldo Rivera exposed the conditions found in the then-largest state-run institution for people with disabilities in the nation. The footage shocked millions of Americans and sparked a national conversation about dignity, care, and human rights. Maryland experienced a similar moment when the documentary Throw Away the Key uncovered what was really happening at Rosewood, a notorious institution outside Baltimore.
As the public confronted the realities of institutions, it became clear that true inclusion starts with a home—a place where people can live safely, participate in community life, and make choices about their daily lives. Across the country, group homes grew in numbers. By 1977, nearly 1,000 group homes operated across the U.S., providing people with disabilities the support they needed while living in neighborhoods, participating in daily life, and being part of a community.
Fello was part of this transformational shift. The first group home in Maryland opened in 1971, the same year that Fello opened its first group home on Benton Avenue in Linthicum. Today, Fello still owns that property, which continues to provide housing to the people we support. Additional homes followed in Linthicum and Annapolis in 1975, and by 1978, Fello launched Alternative Living, Inc., an apartment-based community living program.
Over 50 years later, housing remains a cornerstone of Fello’s work. Through Fello Communities, we maintain over 100 housing units throughout Maryland, and we’re continuing to expand with new developments throughout the region—all advancing our vision of quality and inclusive housing for all.
Building Something Better
The 1970s were a defining decade for the disability rights movement. Civil rights victories expanded accessibility and recognized the dignity and potential of every person. Acts of self-advocacy had an individual and collective impact nationwide. And for the first time, Americans were asking hard questions, with communities across the nation rethinking housing, creating opportunities for people to live with independence, connection, and choice.
What happened nationally was reflected at the local level. Fello’s work—from advocacy and self-advocacy programs to creating homes in the community—set the stage for the person-centered communities we continue to build today.
The lessons of this decade continue to guide us: change is possible when people speak up, communities listen, and systems evolve to put people first. As Fello celebrates 65 years of supporting people with disabilities, we carry this commitment forward, building on the progress of the past and creating more equitable, inclusive communities for the future.
Next in the series: The 1980s—a decade of continued growth for the disability rights movement, a national shift away from institutionalization, and Fello’s expansion into family and individual support services.